Is it possible you have a template in your project that is linked to the media:document content type and which uses a controller to redirect the user to the right attachment url?
If so, that might explain the redirects you’re seeing in Siteimprove.
Like Roeland says - normally these links would give a 404, but you have a custom implementation that redirects the user to a location for downloading the file. So, my question would be - how is siteimprove discovering these URL’s in the first place? Seems you have a page listing the documents with the content URL, rather than the download URL (which is where the 303 goes).
My recommendation is that you link directly to the download URL, then Siteimprove would be happier than a Duck in the pond.